【文章特點(diǎn)】科普類文章的主要特點(diǎn)：

　　1. 文章中詞匯的意義比較單一、穩(wěn)定、簡明，不帶感情色彩，具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點(diǎn)。綜觀整篇文章可以明顯看出，它沒有文學(xué)英語中常采用的排比、比喻、夸張等修飾手段，一詞多義的現(xiàn)象也不多見。

　　2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，語法分析較困難。為了描述一個(gè)客觀事物，嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)自己的思想，作者經(jīng)常會(huì)使用集多種語法現(xiàn)象與一體的長句。

　　3. 常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。

　　4. 常使用雙重否定句。

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)】科普知識(shí)類文章結(jié)構(gòu)一般也是由標(biāo)題(Headlines),導(dǎo)語(Introductions)，背景( Background)，主體(Main body)和結(jié)尾(Ends)五部分構(gòu)成。標(biāo)題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，高考這類閱讀理解材料一般也不給標(biāo)題，而要同學(xué)們選擇標(biāo)題。導(dǎo)語一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一個(gè)事實(shí)的起因。主體則對導(dǎo)語概括的事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述。這一部分命題往往最多，因此，閱讀時(shí)，同學(xué)們要把這部分作為重點(diǎn)。結(jié)尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并與導(dǎo)語相呼應(yīng)，命題者常在此要設(shè)計(jì)一道推理判斷題。

　　【備考提醒】要做好這類閱讀理解題，先要掌握這類文章的特點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)，真正讀懂并理解它。其次，工夫在課外，平時(shí)一定要多讀科技幻想類文章，比如：太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展、人類未來、動(dòng)物世界等。特別是從網(wǎng)上搜尋一些取材原版、內(nèi)容時(shí)新、語言鮮活的科技幻想類材料閱讀。這樣長期堅(jiān)持，既可以增長知識(shí)、開闊視野，又可以擴(kuò)充科技詞匯，還能提高解答這種類型試題的能力。我們何樂而不為呢？

　　【實(shí)例分析】閱讀下面的文章，然后做后面的閱讀理解題：

　　Robots are smart. With their computer brains, they help people work in dangerous places or do difficult jobs. Some robots do regular jobs. Bobby, the mail carrier, brings mail to a large office building in Washington, D.C. He is one of 250 mail carriers in the United States.

　　Mr. Leachim, who weighs two hundred pounds and is six feet tall, has some advantages as a teacher. One is that he does not forget details. He knows each child’s name, the parents’ names and what each child knows and needs to know. In addition, he knows each child’s pets and hobbies. Mr. Leachim does not make mistakes. Each child goes and tells him his or her name, then dials an identification number. His computer brain puts the child’s voice and number together. He identifies the child with no mistakes. Then he starts the lesson.

　　Another advantage is that Mr. Leachim is flexible. If the children need more time to do their lessons they can move switches. In this way they can repeat Mr. Leachim’s lesson over and over again. When the children do a good job, he tells them something interesting about their hobbies. At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr. Leachim off.

　　1. The first paragraph of the passage tells us _____.

　　A. human beings are not as smart as robots

　　B. robots will take the place of man to rule the earth

　　C. we can only use robots to do some regular jobs

　　D. robots can help people in many different ways

　　2. Mr. Leachim’s _____ makes him a good teacher.

　　A. knowledge B. appearance

　　C. advantages D. energy

　　3. What is the most important thing Mr. Leachim can do in his lessons?

　　A. To meet the needs of each student.

　　B. To talk to the students in different languages.

　　C. To keep everyone’s interest in his lesson.

　　D. To introduce more hobbies to the children.

　　4. The word flexible in the last paragraph means _____.

　　A. not strict B. not hard

　　C. suitable D. changeable

　　5. Which of the following statements may be true according to the passage?

　　A. There are 250 robot teachers in the United States.

　　B. Mr. Leachim is run and controlled by electricity.

　　C. Bobby works in a large office building in Washington D.C.

　　D. The lessons taught by Mr. Leachim are given on a TV set.

　　【答案與解析】文章主要講的是機(jī)器人可以以不同的方式幫助人類。

　　1. D。主旨大意題。從With their computer brains, they help people work in dangerous places or do different jobs. Some robots do regular jobs可知機(jī)器人可以做各種不同的工作，能以各種方式幫助人類，故答案選D。

　　2. C。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從Mr. Leachim, who weighs two hundred pounds and is six feet tall, has some advantages as a teacher可知答案C正確。

　　3. A。推理判斷題。從Another advantage is that Mr. Leachim is flexible可知他非常的靈活，可滿足每個(gè)學(xué)生的要求，故答案選A。

　　4. D。詞匯猜測題。 從文章最后一段可知學(xué)生可以根據(jù)需要有選擇地運(yùn)用Mr. Leachim, 可見flexible是形容Mr. Leachim很靈活，富有變化，即答案選D。

　　5. B。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章最后一句話At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr. Leachim off可知答案B正確。